imaginary-time formalism

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References

^{[1] [2] [3]}

1. ↑ T. Matsubara (1955). "A New approach to quantum statistical mechanics". Progr. Theoret. Phys. Japan 14: 351. 
2. ↑ Gerald D. Mahan (2000). Many Particle Physics, 3rd ed.. Springer. ISBN 978-0306463389. 
3. ↑ Alexandre M. Zagoskin (1998). Quantum Theory of Many-Body Systems: Techniques and Applications. Springer. ISBN 978-0387983844.